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May 17th, 2012

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Land rights records and registration - 2009/05/08 12:59 GMT Before a country decides on whether to apply the conventional land surveying and titling approach or low-cost land surveying and titling/certification approach, or even to title land at all, the country should be very clear on the objectives of titling/certification.
Is the objective to enhance tenure security; to reduce the frequency of land border disputes; to stimulate investments in the land; to create incentives for sustainable use of the land and better land management; to enhance land productivity; to activate the land market; to unlock ‘dead capital’ in informal urban settlements/slums or a combination of any of these.

The next step is to take a decision on the level of surveying accuracy which is desired to achieve the objective; this will in turn determine the land surveying and titling/certification approach. Cost implications are critical as affordability and sustainability heavily depends on the cost of the titling/certification.

Developing countries should adopt low-cost approach using the available low-cost technology. The case study of Ethiopia is a very good example. We need more case studies of this nature-Rwanda is implementing a certification exercise; Uganda is piloting systematic demarcation on a small scale. What is most important that the approaches are scalable, effective and deliver the objectives; unfortunately most of such projects in Africa ‘die’ at pilot level.
Equally important is to carry out impact assessment of such a project, a thing which many African governments are poor at doing.
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Re:Land rights records and registration - 2009/05/08 21:22 GMT In addition to what you have said about Africa, I may also add that success of most project in Africa depends on political will. Even with that people are still skeptical. The reason of course is of sustainability of such project. Change in Government may kill a valuable project if the new Government does not have a political will for the project embarked by its predecessor. I suggest that valuable project especially on Land should be incorporated into the constitution. Without security of title to land, both foreign in local investors will be afraid to invest.
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Stein Holden

 
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Re:Land rights records and registration - 2009/05/10 16:33 GMT I think these were very good points. I just want to add that the problem is primarily political as we have low-cost technical solutions. The main obstacles may be local elites, corruption and rent-seekers that undermine the objectives and implementation of such reforms. Before such reforms are scaled up, it is important to test whether they can work through careful pilot studies.
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Re:Land rights records and registration - 2009/05/12 08:24 GMT Land tenure security and transferability of land rights are very critical aspects in developing a low cost land registartion systems. If it is secured it is transeferable and then increase labour mobility from the rural areas and increase income from other off farm activities. The intial costs of the land registartion system might seem higher but when distributed by years and the benefits accrued through time, it is very minimal cost. There are also ways to cost-share in developing the land registartion system:- land holders participation and contribution (time and money- Like the current Ethiopian case) , small land certificate fee, other service fee etc,.
The reduction of initial cost also comes from use of mixed sureveying techniques and technologies depending on the accurecy levels required.
Putting all land tenure issues under the constituion will hinder the flexibility gained in pilot testing some of the land tools. To change or improve an article in the constituion it might take generation and result in total change of government.This is linked to political will and committement to adress the land tenure issues of a given country.
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